Standard practice for quality control of geosynthetic clay. This guide specification covers the requirements for geosynthetic clay liners. A geosynthetic clay liner gcl is a woven fabriclike material, primarily used for the lining of landfills. A geosynthetic clay liner gcl cover system was installed in the northern impounded tailings nit area in 2008 to isolate acidgenerating tailings from water and oxygen, and mitigate sulfide. The geotextiles offer a long lasting resistance to physical or chemical breakdown in harsh elements, while the bentonites high. A geomembrane is a polymeric sheet material that is impervious to liquid as long as it maintains its integrity. D6243d6243m test method for determining the internal and interface shear strength of geosynthetic clay liner by the direct shear method.
D5994d5994m test method for measuring core thickness of textured geomembranes. Geosynthetic clay liners gcl liner geosynthetic liner. Geomembranes and geosynthetic clay liners gcls g eomembranes are essentially impermeable polymeric lining materials used as fl uid barriers in geotechnical engineering applications. The behaviour of geosynthetic clay liners gcls as part of a physicalenvironmental system is examined.
They include geotextiles, geomembranes, geogrids, geosynthetic clay liners. Typical linerfinal cover cross sections materialsfunctionsdesign considerations geomembranes geosynthetic clay liners drainage geocomposites geotextiles other geosynthetics overview geosynthetic, n a planar product manufactured from polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geotechnical engineering related material as an. Specifications bentofix nsl thermal lock geosynthetic. A watersoluble adhesive is used to keep the bentonite in the proper place. Geosynthetic clay liners gcls are an established sealing product in the geoenvironmental industry. Geosynthetic institute gri 475 kedron avenue gei gii folsom. Due to environmental laws, any seepage from landfills must be collected and. All materials used shall meet the requirements of this specification, and all work shall be performed in accordance with the procedures provided herein and the contract drawings.
Bentofix is a needlepunched reinforced geosynthetic clay liner gcl with two geotextile layers encapsulating a layer of sodium bentonite for sealing applications. Geosynthetic clay liners gcls are a combination of bentonite and geotextiles. Geosynthetic clay liners gcls combine geosynthetics with sodium bentonite clay to form a highly impermeable barrier that often replaces thick layers of expensive compacted clay. Gse offers two different products, a geomembrane supported gcl and a fabric encased gcl, both of which deliver reduced cost and increased performance even in the most. A manufactured hydraulic barrier consisting of clay bonded to a layer or layers of geosynthetics. Using geosynthetic clay liners in landfill engineering. Once hydrated, bentofix is an effective barrier against liquids, vapours, and gases. The constructed liner must meet all the criteria detailed in 30 tac 330. Dry bentonite, which is usually a uniform layer, is placed between two geotextiles. The product consists of a high quality sodium bentonite powder encapsulated between an upper and lower layer of geotextile.
The different types of geosynthetics are discussed in section 37. The benefits of this approach include easy installation and more useable airspace in landfill applications. Th e use of geomembranes and geosynthetic clay liners gcls has increased over the years as traditional liners, such as concrete, asphalt, as well as compacted clay soils, have proven ineff ective in the prevention of fl uid migration into subsurface soils. Th e textured surface provides enhanced friction characteristics which can be important in certain applications.
This document provides guidance on design and construction quality assurance information needed for. Grigcl5 design considerations for geosynthetic clay. There must be at least a threefoot thick recompacted clay liner between the deposited waste and groundwater. Geosynthetic institute gri 475 kedron avenue gei gii. It is a kind of geomembrane and geosynthetic, which incorporates a bentonite or other clay, which has a very low hydraulic conductivity. Bentotex geosynthetic clay liner bentotex is a geosynthetic clay liner gcl. Detailed drawings for geotextiles, geosynthetic clay.
Performance of a geosyntheticclayliner cover system at a. Even this simple application has two practical uses. Performance of a geosyntheticclayliner cover system at a cu. Agru geoclaytm geosynthetic clay liner installation manual agru america, inc.
Guidance for liner construction and testing for a municipal. The sodium bentonite clay utilized in bentofix thermal lock gcl is a naturally occurring clay mineral that swells. Guidance for liner construction and testing for a municipal solid waste landfill rg534. The definition of a geosynthetic clay liner gcl we use in this document is a factory manufactured geosynthetic hydraulic barrier consisting of a layer of clay attached to or sandwiched between geotextiles or geomembranes. The cover system includes a vegetated uppermost soil layer underlain by a granular protective layer sand, a clay moisture. The powdered bentonite clay is sandwiched between a woven and non woven geotextile, resulting in a very strong robust product. Geosynthetic clay liners offer many advantages for containment. A geosynthetic clay liner gcl is according to astm d 4439 a manufactured hydraulic barrier consisting of clay bonded to a layer or layers of geosynthetic materials.
The regulations include a provision permitting alternatives materials to be used in lieu of the soil liner, including geosynthetic clay liners gcls. In the past few years, wisconsin dnr staff have encountered a number of proposals to substitute gcls for the linerquality clay specified in s. Bentofix gcl is an extremely versatile claybased lining product. Geosynthetic clay liners gcl nilex geotextile materials.
Geotextile related gcl is one in which two geotextiles are used respectively as cap and carrier to the bentonite. D6243d6243m test method for determining the internal and interface shear strength of geosynthetic clay liner by. Bentonite is a natural sealant, which actuates hydrates on contact with water. They are used in landfill caps and base liner applications under roads, railways, secondary containment for above ground tank farms, as well as within various other containment structures such as. Geosynthetic clay liners used in municipal solid waste. Applies to new civil engineering planted roof garden, basement, roof and other water projects. Geosynthetic clay liners used in municipal solid waste landfills gcl technology materials a gcl is a relatively thin layer of processed clay typically bentonite either bonded to a geomembrane or fixed between two sheets of geotextile. A gcl is also known as a bentonite liner, bentonite mat, or according to the latest published iso 10318 standard a clay geosynthetic barrier gbrc. When hydrated it provides a better hydraulic performance than a. The conductive layer makes it possible to detect leaks on wrinkles and other nonconductive surfaces, and it allows the liner to be retested as often as necessary, even after cover materials have been placed. Geosynthetic clay liners used in municipal solid waste landfills. Bentotex is a geosynthetic clay liner gcl, an impermeable lining material used as a fluid or containment barrier. Geosynthetic clay liners gcls are factory manufactured hydraulic barriers consisting of a layer of bentonite or other very lowpermeability material supported by geotextiles andor geomembranes, mechanically held together by needling, stitching, or chemical adhesives. Geosynthetic clay liners gcls are increasingly being used as an alternative to compacted clay in landfill liner or cover systems at waste management facilities nationwide.
When hydrated it provides a better hydraulic performance than a metre of compacted clay. Designers should contact manufacturers for additional details and to discuss sitespeci. A geosynthetic clayliner gcl cover system was installed in the northern impounded tailings nit area in 2008 to isolate acidgenerating tailings from water and oxygen, and mitigate sulfide. A gcl is a relatively thin layer of processed clay typically bentonite either bonded to a geomembrane or fixed between two sheets of geotextile. The powdered bentonite clay is sandwiched between a woven and non woven geotextile, resulting in a. Geosynthetic clay liners 2870 forb avenu hoffma estates il 60192 847. Detailed drawings for geotextiles, geosynthetic clay liners. Adhere to ufc 002 unified facilities guide specifications ufgs format standard when editing this guide specification or preparing new project.
Elcoseal geosynthetic clay liners gcls are used as an easy to install lining system in landfills and waste containment structures and for liquid containment in effluent ponds and tailings dams. Geosynthetic clay liners gcls are thin 105 mm, factory manufactured prefabricated, hydraulic barriers liners that comprise primarily a processed clay, typically either natural sodium. Geosynthetic clay liners gcls are made of a thin layer bentonite clay between two layers of nonwoven geotextiles. Geosynthetic clay liners gcls are geotextile and bentonite composites typically sodium bentonite sandwiched between two layers of geotextile engineered for a variety of environmental containment applications. Geosynthetic clay liners are a well accepted method of providing a clay geotextile encapsulated product, therefore replacing the need for extraction and transportation for clay layers in landfills, dams, landfill capping closures and similar containment structures. They are used in landfill applications as caps and base liners, secondary containment for. Elcoseal gcls are also effective liners for dams, ponds, lakes, wetlands, irrigation canals and channels. The abandoned kam kotia mine canada is undergoing remediation. This manual is provided only as a guideline and not meant as an authority of exactitude. Geosynthetic clay liners offer many advantages for. It is an innovative composite product manufactured using the naturally occurring bentonite clay resource. In the past few years, wisconsin dnr staff have encountered a number of proposals to substitute gcls for the liner quality clay specified in s. Geosynthetics limited fleming road harrowbrook ind est hinckley, leicestershire le10 3du.
Gcls, with an average thickness of 7mm, offer a volume advantage over compacted clay liners. The product description of geosynthetic clay liners geosyntheticclayliners,geosynthetic clay liner with hdpe geomembrane. A geosynthetic clay liner gcl cover system was installed in the northern impounded tailings nit area in 2008 to isolate acidgenerating tailings from water and oxygen and to mitigate sulfide oxidation. A geosyntheticclayliner gcl cover system was installed in the northern impounded tailings nit area in 2008 to isolate acidgenerating tailings from water and oxygen and to mitigate sulfide oxidation. The global geosynthetic clay liner market size was valued at usd 299. Geosynthetic clay liners gcls are factory manufactured, hydraulic barriers typically consisting of bentonite clay or other very low permeability clay materials. D5993 test method for measuring mass per unit of geosynthetic clay liners. Because of low permeability geosynthetic clay liners and compacted clay liners are the main materials used in waste disposal landfills.
Geosynthetic clay liners are used as a replacement for compacted clay liners. Geosynthetic clay liner market size, share industry. Bentofix thermal lock geosynthetic clay liners gcls are needlepunched reinforced composites which combine two durable geotextile outer layers with a uniform core of natural sodium bentonite clay to form a hydraulic barrier. Geosynthetic clay liners are also suitable for seepage control in water containment or lightly contaminated water containment applications. Information on the use and specification of geosynthetic clay liners is also available from the geosynthetic materials association gma. For the purposes of this specification guideline, the following terms are defined below. Geosynthetic clay liners midwest construction products. A geosynthetic clay liner is a good choice as one of the components of a composite liner system in landfills or other critical containment systems. Upon hydration, the bentonite in the gcl swells to form a low permeability clay liner with a hydraulic conductivity of less than 5 x 109 cmsec. Specifications bentofix nsl thermal lock geosynthetic clay liners. Geosynthetic clay liners provide an alternative to conventional compacted clay liners by replacing a thick section of compacted clay with a thin layer of pure sodium bentonite. Increasing awareness regarding landfill protection in the construction and mining sectors is anticipated to have a positive impact on the market growth. Geosynthetic clay liner s gcls are an established sealing product in the geoenvironmental industry.
Geosynthetic clay liner mainly used in environmental engineering of landfill emissions, underground reservoirs, underground infrastructure constriction projects, sealing solution, segregation, antileakage, good effect, antidestructive. Ufgs02 56 15 april 2006 unified facilities guide specifications references are in agreement with umrl dated january 2020 section 02 56 15 geosynthetic clay liner gcl 0210 note. Geosynthetic clay liners gcls are high performance environmental liners used in environmental containment applications. Standard practice for quality control of geosynthetic clay liners. Guidance for use of geosynthetic clay liners gcls at. Geosynthetic clay liners geomembranes layfield group. Install a geosynthetic clay liner gcl in accordance with this specification and as shown on the plans. Grigcl5 design considerations for geosynthetic clay liners. Due to environmental laws, any seepage from landfills must be collected and properly disposed of, otherwise contamination of. Leak location liner is a high performance geomembrane with a coextruded, electrically conductive bottom layer.
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